For a contextualization in post–Civil War Spanish history, see Carr (1982), Gracia (2002), and Preston (1976). For a specific study of the social conflicts that emerged in the 1960s in Spain, see Fusi (1986) and Álvarez-Junco (1995).

The most thorough analysis to date of the anti-dictatorship student movement in the Spanish case are Maravall (1978), Giner (1976), and a recently published collected volume by Hernández Sandoica, Baldó Lacomba, and Ruiz Carnicer (2007). Graham (1995) gives a rich background on the basic cultural tenets that permeated Spanish society ever since the end of the conflict. For the societal dynamics and the role of new elites involved in the transitional process of the country to democracy, see Diamandouros (1983) and O’Donnel (1986).

• Álvarez-Junco, José. “Movimientos Sociales en España: Del modelo tradicional a la modernidad post-Franquista,” in Working Paper H2-I/95. Madrid: Fundación José Ortega y Gasset, 1995.
• Carr, Raymond, and Juan Pable Fusi Aizpurua. Spain: Dictatorship to Democracy. London: Allen & Unwin, 1982.
• Diamandouros, Nikiforos. “1974. I metavasi apo to aytarchiko sto dimokratiko kathestos stin Ellada: Proeleysi kai ermineia mesa apo mia notio-eyropaiki prooptiki,’” in Epitheorisi Koinonikon Erevnon 49 (1983):52–87 [translated from the original in Julian Santamaria, ed. Transición a la democracia en el sur de Europa y America Latina. Madrid: Centro de Investigaciones Sociológicas, 1982, 199-241].
• Fusi, Juan Pablo. “La reaparición de la conflictualidad en la España de los Sesenta,” in Josep Fontana, ed., España bajo el franquismo. Barcelona: Editorial Crítica, 1986, 160–69.
• Gracia, García Jordi and Miguel Ángel Ruiz Carnicer. La España de Franco (1939–1975). Cultura y vida cotidiana. Madrid: Síntesis, 2002.
• Graham, Helen and Jo Labanyi, eds. Spanish Cultural Studies. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1995.
• Hernández Sandoica, Elena, Marc Baldó Lacomba, and Miguel Ángel Ruiz Carnicer, eds. Estudiantes contra Franco (1939-1975). Oposición política y movilización juvenil. Madrid: La esfera de los libros, 2007.
• Maravall, José. Dictatorship and Political Dissent. Workers and Students in Franco’s Spain. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1978.
• O’Donnel, Guillermo, et al. Transitions from Authoritarian Rule: Tentative Conclusions About Uncertain Democracies. Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1986.
• Preston, Paul, ed. Spain in Crisis. The Evolution and Decline of the Franco Régime. Sussex: Harvester, 1976.