For a better understanding of the country’s history and an analysis of the reform movement, see Golan (1973), Kusín (1972), Skilling (1976), and Hejzlar (1976). Autobiographical contributions by Dubček (1993) and Mlynář (1980) provide the perspective of key figures.

For a reconstruction of key events in 1968 and the defeat of the reform movement based on declassified material after the opening of the archives, see Pauer (1995) and Kieran (1997), as well as the edition of primary sources by Navrátil (1998).

• Dubček, Alexander, and Jiří Hochman. Hope Dies Last: The Autobiography of Alexander Dubcek. New York: Kodansha International, 1993.
• Golan, Galia. Reform Rule in Czechoslovakia. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1973.
• Hejzlar, Zdeněk. Der Reformkommunismus. Zur Geschichte der Kommunistischen Partei der Tschechoslowakei. Köln: Europäische Verlagsanstalt, 1976.
• Kusin, Vladimir V. Political Grouping in the Czechoslovak Reform Movement. New York: Columbia University Press, 1972.
• Mlynář, Zdeněk. Nightfrost in Prague: The End of Humane Socialism. New York: Karz, 1980.
• Navrátil, Jaromir (ed.). The Prague Spring 1968: A National Security Archive Documents Reader. New York: Central European University Press, 1998.
• Pauer, Jan. Prag 1968. Der Einmarsch des Warschauer Paktes. Hintergründe, Planung, Durchführung. Bremen: Temmen, 1995.
• Skilling, Gordon H. Czechoslovakia’s Interrupted Revolution. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1976.
• Williams, Kieran. The Prague Spring and Its Aftermath, Czechoslovak Politics, 1968–1970. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1997.