Unless otherwise noted, you will also find a collection of sources and other material related to the respective country for each session in the Sources section of this website.

INTRODUCTION 

UNIT 1: 1968 in Europe - Between Prague Spring and French May
Readings:
• Martin Klimke and Joachim Scharloth, “1968 in Europe: An Introduction”

Sources:
• Allen Ginsberg, “Howl,” in: Judith Clair Albert and Stewart Edward Albert, The Sixties Papers – Documents of a Rebellious Decade. (New York: Praeger, 1984), 69-72.

TRANSNATIONAL ROOTS OF THE 1968 PROTEST MOVEMENTS

UNIT 2: Aesthetic and Avantgardist Roots
Readings:
• Niek Pas, “Subcultural Movements: The Provos” (Chapter 1)
• Thomas Hecken and Agata Grzenia, “Situationism” (Chapter 2)

UNIT 3: The Origins of the New Left
Readings:
• Michael Frey, “The International Peace Movement” (Chapter 3)
• Madeleine Davis, “The Origins of the British New Left” (Chapter 4)

Sources:
• C. Wright Mills, “Letter to the New Left,” in: Albrecht, Sixties Papers, 86-92.
• Herbert Marcuse, One-Dimensional Man (excerpt), in: Albrecht, Sixties Papers, 209-217.

WESTERN EUROPE

UNIT 4: Postfascist Legacies - Italy and West Germany
Readings:
• Jan Kurz and Marica Tolomelli, “Italy” (Chapter 7)
• Martin Klimke, “West Germany” (Chapter 8)

Sources:
• Rudi Dutschke, “On Anti-Authoritarianism,” in: Carl Oglesby, ed., The New Left Reader. (New York, Grove Press, 1969), 243-253.
• Michael Baumann, Terror or Love? Bommi Baumann’s Own Story of His Life as a West German Urban Guerilla. (excerpt), (New York: Grove Press, 1979), 19-44.

UNIT 5: Swinging London and Rioting Paris - Great Britain and France
Readings:
• Ingrid Gilcher-Holtey, “France” (Chapter 9)
• Holger Nehring, “Great Britain” (Chapter 10)

Sources:
• Daniel Cohn-Bendit and Gabriel Cohn-Bendit, “The Battle of the Streets: ‘C’est Pour Toi
• Que Tu Fais La Révolution,” in: Oglesby, New Left Reader, 254-266.
• “The Appeal from the Sorbonne,” in: Oglesby, New Left Reader, 267-273.
• “Daniel Cohn-Bendit, Interviewed by Jean-Paul Sartre,” in: Hervé Bourges, ed., The French Student Revolt. The Leaders Speak. (New York: Hill & Wang, 1968), 73-83.
• Ronald Fraser, eds., “The Movements Challenge the Established Order. The French May, 1968,” in: Idem, 1968. A Student Generation in Revolt. (New York: Pantheon Books, 1988), 202-230.

UNIT 6: Between Civil Rights and Nationalism: Northern Ireland and Belgium
Readings:
• Niall O Dochartaigh, “Northern Ireland” (Chapter 11)
• Louis Vos, “Belgium” (Chapter 12)

EASTERN EUROPE

UNIT 7: From Hope to Disillusionment – The “Prague Spring”
Readings:
• Jan Pauer, Czechoslovakia (Chapter 13)

Sources:
• Milan Kundera, The Unbearable Lightness of Being. (New York: Harper Perennial, 1999), excerpts from ch. I- 12, I-17, II-23, II-24, II-26, III-4, III-5, IV-2, IV-7, IV-25, V- 2, V-3, V-4, V-13, V-14, V-15, V-19, VI-2).

UNIT 8: Dissent Inside the Warsaw Pact I - Poland and East Germany
Readings:
• Stefan Garsztecki, “Poland” (Chapter 14)
• Timothy Brown, “East Germany” (Chapter 15)

UNIT 9: Dissent Inside the Warsaw Pact II – Romania and Hungary
Readings:
• Serban Pavelescu and Corina Petrescu, “Romania” (Chapter 16)
• Máté Szabó, “Hungary” (Chapter 17)

TRANSCENDING THE COLD WAR: ALTERNATIVE EXPERIENCES

UNIT 10: The Counterculture
Readings:
• Detlef Siegfried, “Music and Protest in 1960s Europe” (Chapter 5)
• Jakob Tanner, “Motions & Emotions” (Chapter 6)

UNIT 11: Nonaligned and Neutral? – Yugoslavia and Switzerland
Readings:
• Boris Kanzleiter, “Yugoslavia“ (Chapter 18)
• Nicole Peter, “Switzerland” (Chapter 19)

UNIT 12: North and South: Scandinavia and Greece
Readings:
• Thomas Ekman Jørgensen, “Scandinavia” (Chapter 20)
• Kostis Kornetis, “Spain and Greece” (Chapter 21)

TRANSNATIONAL NETWORKS AND NARRATIVES AFTER 1968

UNIT 13: Violent Subcultures and Discourses
Readings:
• Dorothea Hauser, Terrorism (Chapter 22)

UNIT 14: Sexual Politics and New Social Movements

Readings:
• Kristina Schulz, “Women's Movement” (Chapter 23)
• Christopher Rootes, “The Environmental Movement” (Chapter 24)

FINAL DISCUSSION: The Afterlives of “1968”
Readings:
• Philipp Gassert, “Narratives of Democratization: 1968 in Postwar Europe” (Chapter 25)
• Tom Hayden, “The Future of 1968’s ‘Restless Youth’” (Afterword)